Were 1950s Moms Happier?
Filed under: Opinions
These days, moms have it all; we can work or stay home or do both. In theory, we should be much happier than our mothers and grandmothers, who had far fewer choices. But that doesn't seem to be the case. In a recent "New York Times" article titled "Liberated And Unhappy," op-ed columnist Ross Douthat attempts to make sense of a new study titled "The Paradox of Declining Female Happiness." According to Douthat:
"...all the achievements of the feminist era may have delivered women to greater unhappiness. In the 1960s, when Betty Friedan diagnosed her fellow wives and daughters as the victims of "the problem with no name," American women reported themselves happier, on average, than did men. Today, that gender gap has reversed. Male happiness has inched up, and female happiness has dropped. In postfeminist America, men are happier than women."
The online comments and reaction to both the study and Douthat's analysis is entertaining and thought-provoking reading for anyone interested in the state of women and families in post-feminist America. Several "New York Times" readers attributed the rise in male happiness to their increased involvement in the lives of their children. And while most agreed that the rise in single motherhood and the working moms' "famous second-shift" are indeed major contributors to the decline of female happiness, others make the case that the study is flawed because1950s moms were less inclined to answer questions of happiness honestly.
The subject of female happiness is an issue close to my heart. In fact, I have written a book on the subject ("Stay Home, Stay Happy: 10 Secrets to Loving At-Home Motherhood," due out in September). For the record, I do not believe that a return to the 1950s model is the solution; my education and the freedom I have had to chart my course in life is fundamental to my personal happiness. I feel good about being an at-home mom in large part to the choice I have had in the matter.
In my estimation, stress is central to diagnosing female unhappiness. Whether you are a working mom, a single mom, or an at-home mom, it is hard to feel "happy" when you feel overwhelmed and too many women these days are overwhelmed. Many women work because their families depend on it. Others accept the burden of the second shift as the price of professional fulfillment. Still others are home, struggling to find themselves between the diapers and endless laundry. What all women share is a desire for more balance and meaning in their lives, though we may not know or agree on how to achieve it.
I came to at-home motherhood, and to loving it, rather unexpectedly. I love what I do and over time, I came to understand that my happiness was intimately tied to the happiness of my family. With five kids under the age of ten, it's not hard to understand why we are all much happier and less stressed out with me at home. Technology (especially the internet) and a supportive, helpful and grateful husband have all contributed to making my at-home experience (mostly) joyful. I've been doing it for more than ten years now, and I can honestly say that as an at-home mom I feel both liberated and happy. I wonder what Betty Friedan would think of that?
"...all the achievements of the feminist era may have delivered women to greater unhappiness. In the 1960s, when Betty Friedan diagnosed her fellow wives and daughters as the victims of "the problem with no name," American women reported themselves happier, on average, than did men. Today, that gender gap has reversed. Male happiness has inched up, and female happiness has dropped. In postfeminist America, men are happier than women."
The online comments and reaction to both the study and Douthat's analysis is entertaining and thought-provoking reading for anyone interested in the state of women and families in post-feminist America. Several "New York Times" readers attributed the rise in male happiness to their increased involvement in the lives of their children. And while most agreed that the rise in single motherhood and the working moms' "famous second-shift" are indeed major contributors to the decline of female happiness, others make the case that the study is flawed because1950s moms were less inclined to answer questions of happiness honestly.
The subject of female happiness is an issue close to my heart. In fact, I have written a book on the subject ("Stay Home, Stay Happy: 10 Secrets to Loving At-Home Motherhood," due out in September). For the record, I do not believe that a return to the 1950s model is the solution; my education and the freedom I have had to chart my course in life is fundamental to my personal happiness. I feel good about being an at-home mom in large part to the choice I have had in the matter.
In my estimation, stress is central to diagnosing female unhappiness. Whether you are a working mom, a single mom, or an at-home mom, it is hard to feel "happy" when you feel overwhelmed and too many women these days are overwhelmed. Many women work because their families depend on it. Others accept the burden of the second shift as the price of professional fulfillment. Still others are home, struggling to find themselves between the diapers and endless laundry. What all women share is a desire for more balance and meaning in their lives, though we may not know or agree on how to achieve it.
I came to at-home motherhood, and to loving it, rather unexpectedly. I love what I do and over time, I came to understand that my happiness was intimately tied to the happiness of my family. With five kids under the age of ten, it's not hard to understand why we are all much happier and less stressed out with me at home. Technology (especially the internet) and a supportive, helpful and grateful husband have all contributed to making my at-home experience (mostly) joyful. I've been doing it for more than ten years now, and I can honestly say that as an at-home mom I feel both liberated and happy. I wonder what Betty Friedan would think of that?










ReaderComments (Page 1 of 2)
6-09-2009 @ 4:47PM
SKL said...I think women in the past several decades are being told that they should be unhappy and angry. That's the liberal influence - we're supposed to be gnashing our teeth all day because there are so many things that we can interpret as discrimination, disrespect, and exploitation. To what end? Liberals are also far less likely to do volunteer work and give to charity. So for all the complaining they do, and the "feeling others' pain" from afar, they are not taking action to make things better; and that too is a proven predictor of unhappiness. Lo and behold, most women identify with liberals / Democrats. Naturally they are unhappy. (Yeah, studies prove this link, it isn't just my opinion.)
Oh, and has anyone checked to see whether there is a link between unhappiness and membership in unions? Talk about individual powerlessness and lack of purpose. I'll bet theres a clear link there, if anyone would be brave enough to publish the research.
Of course, being encouraged to make important life decisions lightly ("sexual freedom," dropping important relationships, etc.) leads to life-altering mistakes and hence relative unhappiness - especially after we've encouraged girls to dream of grad school and a 6-figure job.
In all the popular talk about "liberation," people forgot about the most important type of liberation - liberating ourselves from our own mental/emotional limitations. This is achieved partly by attaching LESS importance to worldly power and possessions, the very things that women and minorities are supposedly deprived of. It's achieved by allowing less noise in the heart/mind/soul, not having an unlimited number of sexual partners and surface relationships. It's achieved by realizing that you already have/are all that you need to be happy, not making excuses based on all that you don't have.
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6-09-2009 @ 8:55PM
Sifrina said...SKL - And you are the poster child for happiness?! Right! Your hollow claim that liberals don't contribute their time or $ to charitable causes is laughable and baseless. For those of us who actually give our time and money to causes dear to our hearts, we know who's working at our sides at the soup kitchens and homeless shelters and meals on wheels and schools. And I know what our family's record is on consistent yearly contributions (this is one reason why I work a full time job; to up the % we can give away).
Anyway, you can make all the blathering, negative, conclusory assertions you want with no facts to back anything up, but as I teach my son, giving to others who need help makes ourselves so much richer, and our good acts/work speak for themselves (so no need to *say* more).
LOTS of liberals (and conservatives) voted for Obama, and he's doing TONS every day to make widespread improvements in other people's lives (esp Veterans). I'm afraid the Bush/Cheney record only brought happiness to their closest, richest friends (i.e., military contractors who raked in $ during the last 8 years), not vets.
And have you ever even been in a Union? I have and I wasn't unhappy - I was actually happy. Now I'm not in a union and I'm also happy because I have a good employer. Really not the "conspiracy theory" you are hoping to uncover, sorry to ruin your fantasy-conspiracy-in-your head. In fact, unions represent such a small segment of the workforce (about 12.5%) so I'm not sure why you are so foaming-at-the-mouth angry about unions and try to link them to global unhappiness (besides just wanting to swing wildly at any liberal cause you can). Total employee choice to join, or not join, a union, vote in/vote out a union. (Look it up.)
But I will point out this: it is the union movement that brought us all weekends a very long time ago. And, yes, weekends do make millions of us very, very, very happy!
Good luck, SKL, with convincing others of your theory for happiness... good luck with convincing yourself....
6-09-2009 @ 9:57PM
SKL said...Do your research, Sifrina, before you argue. There is plenty of research out there to prove that conservatives give more and volunteer more than liberals. And the recent study that's being discussed currently shows that Republicans are happier than Democrats (on average). The thing about the unions is my own idea (about which I was honest) but I'm usually proven right about these things eventually.
Oh, and by the way, the right to be left alone by the unions differs from state to state. In many states (mine included), you are required to pay union dues whether you want to join the union or not. That amounts to being forced to join the union. I think there may still be some states where you have no choice but to be a union member, though I'm not sure about that. But what I meant about the unions is not that they force you to join, but that they prevent you from being exceptional if you do join (willingly or unwillingly). So you may make more money, but have less job satisfaction.
As for the Bush/Cheney results, what are you smoking? Regardless of what the liberal media says, every objective measure shows that the economy was the best it's ever been for about 5-6 years before the 2008 campaigns heated up (with all the negativity that both sides used to gain political advantage). Unemployment was ridiculously low. Very, very few people were "objectively" worse off than they were under previous administrations; most were doing better by all objective measures. Then things got bad because of political manipulation by both parties - after Bush was a lame duck president. Even then, the campaigners and the media were lying about how bad it was - "worst since the Great Depression" - yeah, all these smart people got amnesia about the horror that was the Carter administration / economy? But yeah, the media and the politicians they supported got people convinced that they should be miserable even though by all objective standards they should have been content. This only proves my initial point in my first comment.
6-10-2009 @ 5:46PM
steff hartman said...SKL....I agree with you on this one. Our happiness comes from within. It's not about posessions or money. Unfortunately, everyone is so caught up in him/herself, we don't take time to listen to one another. It's really a shame...I do think people took time to "smell the roses" in the 50's. It is difficult to feel useful and productive when you are caring for a family and not contributing anything financially. With so many women in the workforce, those who are fortunate to be home, and have made caring for their families their priority, feel like dinosaurs! I was home 20 years, and am now working outside the home 30 hours a week, to help with college expenses. Believe me, work is a wonderful escape from the drudgery of housework and taking care of all the family needs! However, I've told my kids, I can't make them happy....it's got to come from within. SMILE!!!
6-09-2009 @ 8:49PM
Becca said...I think that many of todays women feel unhappy because there are so many people out there telling them that they aren't doing it right. If they stay home, they aren't using their talents, and they aren't contributing anything to society or their families. If they work, they are abandoning their children to be raised by Day Care workers, and aren't very good Wives. No matter what she chooses someone will tell her that she is wrong.
As much as we would like for the opinions of others not to matter to us, they do. Being liberated isn't about "free sex" or taking your personal relationships lightly, it IS about having the choice to decide for yourself whether or not you will work or stay home with you children. It's about being able to find a job that will support your family.
Families are having trouble making ends meet with only one income. This forces people who want to be Homemakers to find jobs, often jobs that are much less satisfying. Our choices are limited, causing more unhappiness.
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6-10-2009 @ 7:27AM
Rachel said...I completely agree with Becca - I think the very fact that we do have a choice today opens the door to everyone else's opinion about what we SHOULD be doing. My mother stayed at home with myself and my two younger sisters, and she comments that usually career women will go dead on the face when meeting her at a cocktail party since she was "just a mom", especially as so much of our conversations begin with "so what do you do?". She couldn't participate in those conversations the same way as a woman who had an office job. Yet, there are countless stay at home moms I know who think they are currently doing the only "right thing" when you have children, and would "never have a stranger raising their children". Well neither is right - my mom isn't any less intelligent or interesting from having a career at home instead of at some other address, and she also isn't a better person nor are we better children simply because she was at home and not continuing an office career.
I am only one year married and have no children yet, but when I do I would like to stay at home if financially possible, at least until my future children are school-aged. I find it so frustrating that that very statement is enough to solicit comments from friends and peers about being so "1950's", and they appreciate their rights and freedoms too much. I completely agree with the article that the ability to make the choice is the freedom, and if a woman is happier taking care of her family and home, then that can become a fulfilling career. I love to cook, I love a neat house, and I don't think that enjoying these things on my own accord means I have set back the clocks at all!
6-09-2009 @ 9:44PM
Sifrina said...Rachel - You hit the nail on the head. It's about choice and stress. And it evolves. Some days you'd rather not be at home, and some days I'd rather hide out at home. Overall, though, we don't regret our choices as we see the positive effects they have on our lives and our families. We understand why we do what we do.
Some folks, of course, don't have any choice, at least not right now, and that's life, unfortunately. Whether at home or not, male or female, life can be stressful and people can feel trapped. This may be a crazy analogy but happiness reminds me of maintaining a good milk supply during breastfeeding - a delicate balance, one that can get thrown off in an instant, even just due to a 24 hour virus!. The key is to stay committed, on track, and positive. For that reason, I'm glad you are putting out this book (to help give positive ideas to people who are at home) but I probably won't buy it as it doesn't apply to me so much, though who knows, I may recommend it to my stay-at-home friends.
I do think some thought should be given to someone eventually writing a book for sole breadwinners - How to Stay Happy and Healthy As the Sole Breadwinner - with chapters on: how to manage stress as the sole breadwinner in this econonmy, keeping in shape and eating right when working >55 hours per week and/or traveling 300/365 days/year, how to plan for kids' college/grad school expenses, how to stay involved and connected with your spouse and kids when not around much due to work constraints, and how to handle the situation where your spouse won't work even if you need/want them to. Just a thought....
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6-10-2009 @ 12:08PM
Brad said...I'm a black male. I am hesitant to write for fear of being called narrow-minded and sexist. None-the-less, I agree with the basis of the article. Though I agree there is much work to be done to make life more equitable as groups seek to relate to one another, it is possible to go too far and become counter productive.
The civil rights movement of the 60's was much needed. Now, much of the movement has become counter productive as many blacks have come to believe the government owes them and is always against them. I believe the same has happened to the woman's movement.
Men can, and have been oppressive. However, in an effort to "make sure" it doesn't happen all the time, counter-productive measures have been implemented that make women become competitive with men instead of trying to become complementary. This competition has helped to lead to frustration by sending so many mixed signals, that men as a whole are frustrated, feel they can't understand just exactly what the woman wants, and therefore continue to contribute to the problem that frustrates women.
I have been blessed to be married for 27 years. Yet, I still do not always do and say the right things because I'm still trying to feel out just EXACTLY what to do without being insensitive.
I hope this has added to the discussion and not muddied it.
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6-10-2009 @ 8:52PM
Sifrina said...SKL - You conveniently avoid responding to my comment about contractors - Halliburten, Cheney's old company and a major contractor in the last administration, made millions from its old CFO Cheney while Cheney was VP and due to the war. This is just one contractor! Also, I notice that your alleged "research" is conveniently omitted. So again, no facts to back your statements.
And by the way, NO, employees are not forced to be union members. (I already did MY research, for many years, on this topic). In case you really want the facts: The Supreme Court ruled in Patternmakers vs. NLRB (1985) that employees can't be forced to join a union. Some companies have agreed to language, called a "union security clause" in their union contracts requiring that employees pay at least some portion of their union dues (except in about 13 "right to work states," mostly red states, which make such clauses illegal by state law; employees don't have to pay any union dues in those states or be members of the union). Even if your employer has a union security clause in its union contract (in a NON-right to work state), then another case, called Communication Workers vs. Beck (1988), gives employees the right to object to paying full union dues and can assert their "Beck" right to pay a limited amount of union dues (called a "financial corps") OR some employees can object to paying any union dues altogether on ethical or religous bases. Go to NRTW.ORG for more info, if you truly care about research and to educate yourself or your spouse, friends, kids on their rights regarding unions.
(I prefer to give people real facts on their actual rights rather than go on and on with speculative theories.)
The so called "great economy" was debt induced and propped up by artificially low interest rates (Greenspan kept rates too low too long) with zero regulation on the housing loans, causing prices to go through the roof (from which people re-fi'd or got home equity loans to go further into debt). Eventually, this bubble burst creating a mess. Many respected financial analysts such as (conservative) Bill Fleckenstein predicted this economic mess several years ago when houseing prices spiked and people got piggy (under a BUSH SEC).
You could stand to benefit from doing better research if you truly want to back up your comments.
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6-11-2009 @ 1:14AM
April said...THANK YOU!
6-11-2009 @ 12:59PM
flsunshine8418 said...I was raised in the 1950s - started school in 1949. That same year, Dad was hurt at work, so Mom had to find a job. Two years later, Dad got cancer, so Mom again had to find a job. All that and three kids in school, no dryer, no automatic washer, no dishwasher, no cell phone, no car, no microwave, no air conditioning, no movies or cable to watch, no health insurance, etc. How was stress level measured a half century ago? Were women happier back then? Well, I don't remember seeing June Cleaver or Harriet Nelson walking to our local store in their high heels. I'd say that the women back then were too tired to think whether or not they were happy. (Heck, my daughter "stressed out" because her dishwasher was recalled and she couldn't use it until the repairman came.)
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6-12-2009 @ 9:03PM
Momma said...In regard to the comments about Mom's of the 50's not having the time saving gadgets of today: it seems to me that a big reason mom's were happier at that time can be attributed to all the actual work they had to do IN the home.
Their contribution to the welfare of their families was HUGE. Clean clothes, clean dishes, hot meals, happy kids.......it all took SERIOUS hands on WORK to accomplish each and every day.
Hanging clothes out to dry on the line took TIME. No microwaves meant that preparing dinner often began in the morning hours. It also involved gathering fresh food from the garden, washing it, peeling it, and disposing of the remains without the use of a garbage disposal......and no plastic trash bags to line the kitchen garbage can meant taking extra care of what went INTO the trash.
Summer months were spent in a hot kitchen canning fresh fruits & veggies for use in the winter. Clothes were mended by hand, not replaced with something new easily picked up at a big box store. Afternoon snacks were handmade by mom, not easily grabbed from a box off the shelf.
Hair was styled by rollers and time spent under a dryer. Without hair conditions, putting mayonaise in your hair and keeping it covered with a plastic cap for an hour while you completed chores was how you kept hair managable.
The use of cloth diapers alone was a time consuming task. Not only did cloth diapers require many more frequent changes, it also meant preparing the diaper pail first thing every morning and rinsing each dirty diaper in the toilet before being placed in the diaper pail. Folding clean diapers, keeping diaper pins sharp and handy, the extra step of putting on and taking off plastic pants at each changing, replacing and washing crib bedding once or twice every day because cloth diapers aren't known for being super absorbant........and so on!
And it was done without the ease of keeping children out from under foot by means of VCR's and video games or battery operated toys over flowing the toy box. Kids had to be entertained, mostly with crafts and games/activities created by mom.
For many, it was all done without the comfort of central air. It was done without cordless telephones. It was done while wearing a small mattress between their legs for one week a month, and without any relief from PMS symptoms.
And it was ALL done during the daytime hours so that somehow everything was tidied up and back in it's place before hubby got home from work.
Mom's were quite likely happier in the 50's than they are today because of the unimaginable accomplishments they made each and every day. Tired and exhausted, yes. But hard work, successfully completed, with something to show for it......that right there provides a feeling of pride and self worth like nothing else!
6-12-2009 @ 1:07AM
Tired said...SKL, Using the statistic that "republicans are happier than democrats" and extrapolating that all the unhappiness in the world is due to liberalism is inane. Can I, then, also conclude that because "on average, democrats have a higher IQ and are more educated than republicans" and this explains the previous statistic because republicans are ignorant and ignorance is bliss. I don't actually agree with the previous sentence but I'm just using it to highlight how backwards, uninformed, baseless your comments are. And for the record, mentioning statistics don't "prove" anything. Are you that one-dimensional to believe that statistics prove liberals are all unhappy, and that is why we all unhappy now?
And do you really believe that this economic collapse is just an illusion purported by the liberal media? Do you understand anything about the housing crisis, how banking systems work, and how the only reason things are now subsiding is because the bailout money literally had this country avoid a true financial calamity? (I'm not even going to give Obama credit on this, because Bush started it, and if McCain was in office, I think he would have done the same thing since he voted for the first on in Oct 2008.) And unemployment numbers at some point during someone's administration should not be a gauge that everything is economically healthy. A more important measurement tool is what state is the country in after 8 years with our former president. Why should voters "just be content" when they've lost significant portions of their 401Ks and enduring company layoffs? You spew nonsense and bitterness and it seems as if you find your own happiness in blaming liberals.
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6-12-2009 @ 1:17AM
Tired said...Back to the topic, I agree with so many of the comments. I especially love the comment saying "women back then were too tired to think whether or not they were happy." That one really made me laugh because my grandmother always tells me that when I ask about her past.
My college roomates and I all graduated and went on to get our PhDs truly believing that we could have it all. Education. Job. Marriage. Kids. Social life. Financial Stability. Having all of these things, at the same time, should bring undiluted happiness, right? Well, recently we all got together and commiserated about how tired we all are, one of my friends blurted out "We were lied to!!!" We all laughed, but it really is true. No one can have it all. Something has to give, and usually for me, it's sleep, because I'm too stubborn to give up time with my family or my job. I think happiness is relative to each person's interests. Knowing myself, I would be depressed being a stay-at-home mom because there are so many things professionally that bring me happiness (in addition to my family), and I take heart in looking back and feeling pride for coming so far and feeling accomplished. (That was not meant to be judgmental. I think it's great/ideal for mothers to stay at home and raise kids.) But for me, that wouldn't bring my personal happiness. I've worked out flex hours at my job and I'm also lucky to have my parents nearby to help. My form of liberalism takes the form of "everybody do what makes you happy, and stop judging everyone for not doing the same thing" (as long as your children are safe and nurtured). There is no single equation for happiness, but if women can look back with no (or minimal) regrets, I like to think that it does bring some amount of joy that is universal to all women.
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8-31-2009 @ 1:28PM
julia said...Yeah, just think what our ancient ancestors went through! They had cave men for husbands! I know, I'm being sarcastic but every generation has it's own trials and most happiness is not based on a person's situation; it's how they learn to deal with "anything" they might view as negative, including broken dishwashers or cloth diapers. It's all about perspective.
6-14-2009 @ 9:45PM
Pelican said...The feminist movement gave women options. We can't have it all (hard choices sometimes have to be made), but at least options and openings exist that did not for our mothers and grandmothers. It must have been a stifling and suffocating feeling for some brilliant women to know in their hearts and minds that they could make other contributions to the world, but couldn't because the only options available to them said they could only be mothers, wives, and caregivers. The iron chord that Emerson speaks of does not only ring for men. Men of course, should be respected and should not have to become "womanized", but at the same time they needed to realize that women have places in this world other than the home.
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6-16-2009 @ 12:10PM
pamela said...Betty Freidan and "the feminist movement" gave women hope and a choice. Not every woman wants to be a stay at home mom. For some of us childbearing and raising children is better left to those who have the knack for that "sorta thing" While we love our husbands dearly we do not feel any sort of mystical feminine satisfaction from being a stay at home "mommy". We get our satisfaction from our pesronal growth and development with a career that we for the most part can choose. I applaud woman that want to stay home and can. Go for it. It is your choice because that is what the feminist movement gave you. A choice.
There are some women that have to work to support their children. Their husbands have passed away, moved away, or are disabled. Whatever the situation, these women get their personal satisfaction out of providing for their families financialy. Or, gasp, some mothers just want to work. Guess what they are happy too.
My point is that there is more then one way to be a mommy and a fullfilled woman. God bless anyone who wants and can stay at home to be mom in order to be happy. God bless women who, thanks to the feminist movement, can work at a vast array of carreers for personal and financial development of themselves and their families. God bless my type of women as well, women with or without husbands who love or don't love children and do not want them as their own. We all choices of our choosing that we now can make thanks to women like Betty Friedan and the two "feminist movements". Our Happiness is of our own choosing not societies. That is what the Feminist movement gave us.
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7-03-2009 @ 2:11PM
shannon said...I think the readers who pointed out the link between increased choices and increased stress (and therefore unhappiness--I mean, who enjoys being stressed out?) are completely on to something. I'm actually writing a book on the subject -- and here's a link to the post on this issue: http://undecidedthebook.wordpress.com/2009/07/03/more-opportunityless-happiness-wait-really/. Personally, I think it's that having all these choices is so new to women as a whole, that we don't know how to deal with it. And so that begets stress, too. What do you think?
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7-04-2009 @ 4:29PM
Sonja said...I have first hand experience that I am MUCH happier as a stay at home mom, than I was as a working Mom (and if you had told me that would be the case I would have said you were crazy.)
Strive for a simple life. Simple enjoyment. Hanging with your kids. Taking care of your home and husband. It is very humbling and challening at first. But there is great reward in the peace that has come into our homelife vs. the juggling act we had before. EVERYONE not just Mom is less stressed.
We miss the luxuries that came with the extra money, but it's no substitute for enjoyment we have with a simplier life.
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11-03-2010 @ 12:11AM
migsly said...As a woman who saw the actual change of womanhood from the 1950's til now, I can say that women seemed far happier then than in any other decade since.
Happiness can come from within, yes, but if crime is all around you, it's hard to maintain. Morality was high in the 1950's so crime was very low. A woman wasn't raped somewhere every second in the 1950's because rape was a capital offense then, right up there with murder. Not so now. Rape is almost a misdemeanor now.
Mother's worried more about their children catching the flu or getting pneumonia than being kidnaped and murdered. The latter was extremely rare. Now it's out of hand. Trick or treating was done at night and as safe as a Sunday School picnic.
I could go on but no time. :D
I just know that in the late 1960's things started changing for women. The counterculture waged war against morality. From that point on, women were commonly raped and murdered. This was not a recipe for happiness, bank president or not.
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